Nutrition: A non-negligible factor in the pathogenesis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease

IF 11.1 1区医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Alzheimer's & Dementia Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI:10.1002/alz.14547

Boye Wen, Xiaodong Han, Jin Gong, Pin Wang, Wenxian Sun, Chang Xu, Aidi Shan, Xin Wang, Heya Luan, Shaoqi Li, Ruina Li, Jinxuan Guo, Runqi Chen, Chuqiao Li, Yao Sun, Sirong Lv, Cuibai Wei

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Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunction. The strong link between nutrition and the occurrence and progression of AD pathology has been well documented. Poor nutritional status accelerates AD progress by potentially aggravating amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau deposition, exacerbating oxidative stress response, modulating the microbiota–gut–brain axis, and disrupting blood–brain barrier function. The advanced stage of AD tends to lead to malnutrition due to cognitive impairments, sensory dysfunctions, brain atrophy, and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). This, in turn, produces a vicious cycle between malnutrition and AD. This review discusses how nutritional factors and AD deteriorate each other from the early stage of AD to the terminal stages of AD, focusing on the potential of different levels of nutritional factors, ranging from micronutrients to diet patterns. This review provides novel insights into reducing the risk of AD, delaying its progression, and improving prognosis.

Highlights

Two-fifths of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases worldwide have been attributed to potentially modifiable risk factors.
Up to ≈26% of community-dwelling patients with AD are malnourished, compared to 7%∼76% of institutionalized patients.
Undernutrition effects the onset, progression, and prognosis of AD through multiple mechanisms.
Various levels of nutritional supports were confirmed to be protective factors for AD via specific mechanisms.

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营养：阿尔茨海默病发病和治疗过程中不可忽视的因素

阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种以进行性认知功能障碍为特征的退行性疾病。营养与阿尔茨海默病病理发生和进展之间的密切联系已得到充分证明。不良的营养状况可能会加重β -淀粉样蛋白（Aβ）和tau沉积，加剧氧化应激反应，调节微生物-肠-脑轴，破坏血脑屏障功能，从而加速AD的进展。阿尔茨海默病的晚期往往由于认知障碍、感觉功能障碍、脑萎缩以及痴呆（BPSD）的行为和心理症状而导致营养不良。这反过来又在营养不良和阿尔茨海默病之间产生了恶性循环。本文综述了从阿尔茨海默病早期到终末期，营养因子与阿尔茨海默病相互恶化的过程，重点讨论了从微量营养素到饮食模式等不同水平营养因子的潜在影响。本综述为降低阿尔茨海默病的风险、延缓其进展和改善预后提供了新的见解。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Alzheimer's & Dementia 医学-临床神经学

CiteScore

14.50

自引率

5.00%

发文量

299

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Alzheimer's & Dementia is a peer-reviewed journal that aims to bridge knowledge gaps in dementia research by covering the entire spectrum, from basic science to clinical trials to social and behavioral investigations. It provides a platform for rapid communication of new findings and ideas, optimal translation of research into practical applications, increasing knowledge across diverse disciplines for early detection, diagnosis, and intervention, and identifying promising new research directions. In July 2008, Alzheimer's & Dementia was accepted for indexing by MEDLINE, recognizing its scientific merit and contribution to Alzheimer's research.