{"title":"Recovered water - H218O from the 18F[FDG] production as liquid radioactive waste","authors":"Magdalena Długosz-Lisiecka , Teresa Jakubowska","doi":"10.1016/j.apradiso.2025.111691","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, ten recovered water samples were analysed using gamma spectrometry and Liquid Scintillation Counting techniques for identification of radioactive impurities (quality and quantity) and for radioactive waste qualifications. The presence of several radioactive isotopes of <sup>3</sup>H, <sup>56,57</sup>Co <sup>52</sup>Mn in the recovered [<sup>18</sup>O] water irradiated with 11 MeV protons used to produce [<sup>18</sup>F] fluoride by the <sup>18</sup>O(p,n)<sup>18</sup>F reaction has been confirmed. Radioactive impurities were generated directly in enriched water or washed out from activated Havar foil, or tantalum body target material. The highest impact on the qualification of the recovered water remains after the production as a radioactive waste has <sup>56</sup>Co. The highest activity concentration of about 0.1 GBq/ml has been detected in the case of tritium <sup>3</sup>H. All ten samples were qualified as transitional, low-level radioactive wastes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8096,"journal":{"name":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 111691"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Applied Radiation and Isotopes","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969804325000363","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
In this study, ten recovered water samples were analysed using gamma spectrometry and Liquid Scintillation Counting techniques for identification of radioactive impurities (quality and quantity) and for radioactive waste qualifications. The presence of several radioactive isotopes of 3H, 56,57Co 52Mn in the recovered [18O] water irradiated with 11 MeV protons used to produce [18F] fluoride by the 18O(p,n)18F reaction has been confirmed. Radioactive impurities were generated directly in enriched water or washed out from activated Havar foil, or tantalum body target material. The highest impact on the qualification of the recovered water remains after the production as a radioactive waste has 56Co. The highest activity concentration of about 0.1 GBq/ml has been detected in the case of tritium 3H. All ten samples were qualified as transitional, low-level radioactive wastes.
期刊介绍：
Applied Radiation and Isotopes provides a high quality medium for the publication of substantial, original and scientific and technological papers on the development and peaceful application of nuclear, radiation and radionuclide techniques in chemistry, physics, biochemistry, biology, medicine, security, engineering and in the earth, planetary and environmental sciences, all including dosimetry. Nuclear techniques are defined in the broadest sense and both experimental and theoretical papers are welcome. They include the development and use of α- and β-particles, X-rays and γ-rays, neutrons and other nuclear particles and radiations from all sources, including radionuclides, synchrotron sources, cyclotrons and reactors and from the natural environment.
The journal aims to publish papers with significance to an international audience, containing substantial novelty and scientific impact. The Editors reserve the rights to reject, with or without external review, papers that do not meet these criteria.
Papers dealing with radiation processing, i.e., where radiation is used to bring about a biological, chemical or physical change in a material, should be directed to our sister journal Radiation Physics and Chemistry.
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