{"title":"Circadian pattern in restless legs syndrome.","authors":"Ambra Stefani","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-323-90918-1.00009-5","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This chapter provides an overview of circadian pattern in restless legs syndrome (RLS). Circadian variation of symptoms is a known feature of RLS. According to one of the five essential criteria for RLS diagnosis, symptoms \"only occur or are worse in the evening or at night than during the day.\" RLS symptoms are most pronounced in the evening and at night, with a relative improvement in the late sleep period or in the early morning. This unique feature helps differentiating RLS from other movement disorders. Although differentiating the circadian pattern of RLS manifestations from the worsening of RLS symptoms at rest is not always easy, the independency of these two features has been demonstrated in several studies. Mechanisms implicated in circadian variations of RLS include dopamine, iron, opioids, and genetic factors, which all interact with each other. Further insights on circadian fluctuations in patients with RLS derive from clinical studies reporting circadian variations in sensory processing and spinal excitability, as well as from studies showing circadian variations in cortical excitability, default mode network, and cognition in patients with RLS.</p>","PeriodicalId":12907,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of clinical neurology","volume":"206 ","pages":"105-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Handbook of clinical neurology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90918-1.00009-5","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"Medicine","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of circadian pattern in restless legs syndrome (RLS). Circadian variation of symptoms is a known feature of RLS. According to one of the five essential criteria for RLS diagnosis, symptoms "only occur or are worse in the evening or at night than during the day." RLS symptoms are most pronounced in the evening and at night, with a relative improvement in the late sleep period or in the early morning. This unique feature helps differentiating RLS from other movement disorders. Although differentiating the circadian pattern of RLS manifestations from the worsening of RLS symptoms at rest is not always easy, the independency of these two features has been demonstrated in several studies. Mechanisms implicated in circadian variations of RLS include dopamine, iron, opioids, and genetic factors, which all interact with each other. Further insights on circadian fluctuations in patients with RLS derive from clinical studies reporting circadian variations in sensory processing and spinal excitability, as well as from studies showing circadian variations in cortical excitability, default mode network, and cognition in patients with RLS.
期刊介绍：
The Handbook of Clinical Neurology (HCN) was originally conceived and edited by Pierre Vinken and George Bruyn as a prestigious, multivolume reference work that would cover all the disorders encountered by clinicians and researchers engaged in neurology and allied fields. The first series of the Handbook (Volumes 1-44) was published between 1968 and 1982 and was followed by a second series (Volumes 45-78), guided by the same editors, which concluded in 2002. By that time, the Handbook had come to represent one of the largest scientific works ever published. In 2002, Professors Michael J. Aminoff, François Boller, and Dick F. Swaab took on the responsibility of supervising the third (current) series, the first volumes of which published in 2003. They have designed this series to encompass both clinical neurology and also the basic and clinical neurosciences that are its underpinning. Given the enormity and complexity of the accumulating literature, it is almost impossible to keep abreast of developments in the field, thus providing the raison d''être for the series. The series will thus appeal to clinicians and investigators alike, providing to each an added dimension. Now, more than 140 volumes after it began, the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series has an unparalleled reputation for providing the latest information on fundamental research on the operation of the nervous system in health and disease, comprehensive clinical information on neurological and related disorders, and up-to-date treatment protocols.
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