Evaluation of longan (Dimocarpus longan) peel powder as fruit by-product additive in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) feed: Effects on growth, immunity, and immune-antioxidant gene expressions.
Supreya Wannavijit, Piyatida Outama, Chinh Le Xuan, Camilla Maria Fontana, Marina Paolucci, Md Afsar Ahmed Sumon, Ehab El-Haroun, Hien Van Doan
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Abstract
The study, herein, investigated the effects of the inclusion of longan peel (LP) powder in the diet of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), focusing on comparative evaluations of growth performance, immunity, and immune-antioxidant related gene expressions. For this purpose, a total of 300 healthy fish (average initial weight: 13.70 ± 0.06 g) were randomly distributed into five experimental treatment groups: 0 g kg-1 (LP0), 10 g kg-1 (LP10), 20 g kg-1 (LP20), 40 g kg-1 (LP40), and 80 g kg-1 (LP80), all in triplicate, for 60 days. The results indicated that dietary supplementation with LP exhibited a significant influence (P < 0.05) in weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and provided a better feed conversion ratio (FCR) in contrast to the control group (0 g kg-1 LP). Moreover, skin mucus and serum immune parameters (lysozyme and peroxidase activity) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in fish fed with different LP concentrations at both 4 and 8 weeks. Similarly, analysis of mRNA transcripts of immune (IL-1, IL-8, and LBP) and antioxidant (GSTa, GPX, and GSR) gene expressions showed a significant upregulation (P < 0.05) in LP-fed diet groups compared to the control group. Based on the polynomial regression analysis the inclusion of LP at 46-49 g kg-1 can be used effectively in Nile tilapia diets for improving the growth, immunity, and immune-antioxidant gene expressions. All in all, our results prove that LP is a very promising feed supplement for the Nile tilapia in the context of aquaculture.
本研究旨在研究龙眼皮（LP）粉在尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）饲料中添加对其生长性能、免疫力和免疫抗氧化相关基因表达的影响。试验选取平均初始体重为13.70±0.06 g的健康鱼300尾，随机分为0 g kg-1 （LP0）、10 g kg-1 （LP10）、20 g kg-1 （LP20）、40 g kg-1 （LP40）、80 g kg-1 (LP80) 5个试验组，每组3次，试验期60 d。结果表明，饲粮中添加LP对增重（WG）、特定生长率（SGR）有显著影响（P < 0.05），饲料系数（FCR）优于对照组（0 g kg-1 LP）。4周和8周时，不同LP浓度饵料鱼的皮肤黏液和血清免疫指标（溶菌酶和过氧化物酶活性）均显著升高（P < 0.05）。免疫（IL-1、IL-8和LBP）和抗氧化（GSTa、GPX和GSR）基因mRNA转录本表达分析显示，低脂饲料组与对照组相比显著上调（P < 0.05）。根据多项式回归分析，在尼罗罗非鱼饲料中添加46 ~ 49 g kg-1的LP可有效提高尼罗罗非鱼的生长、免疫力和免疫抗氧化基因的表达。总之，我们的结果证明，LP是一种非常有前途的饲料补充尼罗罗非鱼在水产养殖的背景下。
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