A sulfonated and nitrated polyether ether ketone/polyvinyl chloride modified atmosphere packaging delays the deterioration of grapes

IF 3.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI:10.1002/jsfa.14124

Xianhui Tang, Yuting Huang, Liang Zhu

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Abstract

BACKGROUND

Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) was modified by a sulfuric and nitric acid mixed system to improve the solubility of the material and the gas selective permeability of the film. SN1 and SN5, synthesized from mixed acid systems (with ratios of nitric acid and sulfuric acid of 1:1 and 1:5, respectively) were chosen because they had comparable nitro groups but differing sulfonyl groups. To investigate the impact of the type and content of sulfonated and nitrated polyether ether ketone (SNPEEK) on the structure and physicochemical properties of the films, SN1/polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and SN5/polyvinyl chloride films were made by adding varying amounts of SN1 and SN5 (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5 wt%), respectively.

RESULTS

SNPEEK (with ratios of nitric acid and sulfuric acid of 1:1–9) with high nitric acid group concentration outperformed nitrated polyether ether ketone (NPEEK) (with ratios of nitric acid and sulfuric acid of 3–9:1) with a low nitric acid concentration in terms of solubility at room temperature and expanded the application range. The inclusion of SNPEEK resulted in more micropores on the membrane microstructure, and higher contents of -SO₃H and -NO₂ groups enhanced the polarity, which improved permeability and selectivity for CO₂ and O₂ and the moisture permeability of the membranes. During grape storage (4 ± 1 °C), 1.0% SN1/PVC and 1.0% SN5/PVC membranes reached equilibrium gas concentration on day 4 (4.6–5.4% CO₂, 17.6–18.1% O₂; 3.5–4.1% CO₂ and 18.6–19.1% O₂), grapes showed lower electrolyte leakage as well as higher hardness, total soluble solid content and vitamin C content.

CONCLUSION

Because there are few studies on modified PEEK air conditioning packaging for grape preservation, SNPEEK/PVC membrane has practical value. In the present study, 1.0% SN1/PVC and 1.0% SN5/PVC membranes extended the shelf life by more than 16 and 8 days, respectively, compared to the blank group (unsealed packaging). © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.

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磺化和硝化聚醚醚酮/聚氯乙烯改性大气包装延缓了葡萄的变质。

背景：采用硫酸和硝酸混合体系对聚醚醚酮（PEEK）进行改性，以提高材料的溶解度和膜的气体选择性渗透性。选择由混合酸体系（硝酸和硫酸的比例分别为1:1和1:5）合成的SN1和SN5，是因为它们的硝基相似，但磺酰基不同。为了研究磺化和硝化聚醚酮（SNPEEK）的种类和含量对薄膜结构和理化性能的影响，分别通过添加不同量的SN1和SN5（0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%和2.5 wt%）制备了SN1/聚氯乙烯（PVC）和SN5/聚氯乙烯薄膜。结果：高硝酸基团浓度的SNPEEK（硝酸与硫酸比1:1-9）室温溶解度优于低硝酸浓度的硝化聚醚酮（硝酸与硫酸比3-9:1），扩大了应用范围。SNPEEK的加入使膜微观结构上的微孔增多，-SO3H和-NO2基团含量的增加使膜极性增强，提高了膜对CO2和O2的渗透性和选择性，提高了膜的透湿性。在葡萄贮藏过程中（4±1℃），1.0% SN1/PVC和1.0% SN5/PVC膜在第4天达到平衡气体浓度(4.6-5.4% CO2, 17.6-18.1% O2；3.5 ~ 4.1% CO2和18.6 ~ 19.1% O2)处理后，葡萄的电解质泄漏量较低，硬度、可溶性固溶体总含量和维生素C含量较高。结论：由于改性PEEK空调包装用于葡萄保鲜的研究较少，SNPEEK/PVC膜具有实用价值。在本研究中，与空白组（未密封包装）相比，1.0% SN1/PVC和1.0% SN5/PVC膜分别延长了16天和8天以上的保质期。©2025化学工业协会。

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来源期刊

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 工程技术-农业综合

CiteScore

8.10

自引率

4.90%

发文量

634

审稿时长

3.1 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture publishes peer-reviewed original research, reviews, mini-reviews, perspectives and spotlights in these areas, with particular emphasis on interdisciplinary studies at the agriculture/ food interface. Published for SCI by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. SCI (Society of Chemical Industry) is a unique international forum where science meets business on independent, impartial ground. Anyone can join and current Members include consumers, business people, environmentalists, industrialists, farmers, and researchers. The Society offers a chance to share information between sectors as diverse as food and agriculture, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, materials, chemicals, environmental science and safety. As well as organising educational events, SCI awards a number of prestigious honours and scholarships each year, publishes peer-reviewed journals, and provides Members with news from their sectors in the respected magazine, Chemistry & Industry . Originally established in London in 1881 and in New York in 1894, SCI is a registered charity with Members in over 70 countries.