[Epidemiology and risk factors of persistent arterial hypertension after preeclampsia: a longitudinal study at the Chad-China Friendship Hospital].

Abstract

Introduction: arterial hypertension (AH) may persist beyond three months postpartum after preeclampsia, increasing the long-term risk of cardiovascular complications. The purpose of this study is to describe the epidemiological aspects and factors associated with persistent hypertension following preeclampsia.

Methods: we conducted a longitudinal descriptive study, from January 2022 to June 2023. The study included patients who were hospitalized for preeclampsia in the maternity ward of the Chad-China Friendship Hospital and followed in the cardiology outpatient clinic for at least three months. A multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with persistent hypertension.

Results: during our study period, 144 patients were hospitalized for preeclampsia, of whom 92 were included in the study. The average age of patients was 26.32 ±7.05 years, with extremes ranging from 16 to 42 years. Multiparity was observed in 41.3% (n=38) of patients and severe preeclampsia occurred in 80.4% (n=74). Additionally, 17.4% (n=16) had twin pregnancies and obesity was found in 19.6% (n=18). Persistent arterial hypertension was present in 24 patients, representing a prevalence of 26.10% (n=24). A personal history of preeclampsia was the only factor significantly associated with persistent arterial hypertension (adjusted OR 5.30, 95% CI 1.31-21.44, p=0.01).

Conclusion: it is necessary to develop a care pathway for patients who have had preeclampsia in order to prevent and manage long-term complications at an early stage.