Milk-derived bioactive peptides in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes

Abstract

Diabetes is a global health issue affecting over 6% of the world and 11% of the US population. It is closely linked to insulin resistance, a pivotal factor in Type 2 diabetes development. This review explores a promising avenue for addressing insulin resistance through the lens of Milk-Derived Bioactive Peptides (MBAPs). Taken from casein or whey fractions of various milks, MBAPs exhibit diverse health-promoting properties. Specific interactions between these peptides and enzymes involved in glucose digestion and metabolism have been examined, leading to the identification of some key peptides exerting the effects.

This review emphasizes the positive impact of MBAPs on glycemic control through various mechanisms. Different cell lines have been used to investigate MBAPs' effects on insulin signaling, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Preclinical in vivo studies have also shown that MBAPs lower glucose, stimulate insulin, and reduce inflammation. Human trials further substantiate these findings and suggest the potential utility of milk protein hydrolysates containing MBAPs in individuals with insulin resistance or T2D to improve insulin action and glucose homeostasis.