Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with cancer using zoledronic acid and denosumab: Single-center retrospective study.

Abstract

Background: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a rare but potentially severe condition that significantly affects the quality of life of patients with cancer. This study evaluated MRONJ in patients with cancer treated with zoledronic acid (ZOA) and denosumab (Dmab).

Methods: The survey investigated patients who were diagnosed with MRONJ at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery after receiving either ZOA or Dmab at the Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, between April 1, 2022, and March 31, 2023.

Results: Of 252 patients, 27 were ZOA users and 225 were Dmab users. MRONJ was not observed with ZOA. MRONJ was detected in 11 (4.9%) Dmab users, eight male and three female patients with a mean (± standard deviation) age of 74.6 (± 9.2) years (range 61-98 years). The total dose of Dmab was 2724 ± 1838 mg (range: 480-6360 mg). The time from Dmab administration to MRONJ onset was 28.0 ± 16.0 months (range 4.5-53.2 months). Of the 11 patients with MRONJ, four (36.4%) had visited a dentist within the last 12 months. One participant (9.1%) was informed about and understood MRONJ.

Conclusions: MRONJ was only observed in Dmab users, with an incidence rate of 4.9%. The percentage of patients with MRONJ receiving regular dental check-ups was 36.4%, and only 9.1% of patients were aware of MRONJ, both of which are low rates. To reduce MRONJ in patients with cancer, face-to-face consultations with pharmacists could serve as a valuable opportunity to inform patients about MRONJ and encourage regular dental visits.