Factors Influencing Daily Living and Ostomy Self-Care Management in Ostomates: A Mixed Methods Study.

Abstract

Aim: To examine the factors affecting the ability of ostomates to perform activities of daily living and manage ostomy self-care.

Design: Mix method design.

Method: This study was undertaken through survey (descriptive and clinical characteristics form and Katz Activities of Daily Living (ADL)) for collecting the quantitative data (n = 60) and semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients unable to perform ostomy self-care for collecting qualitative data (n = 12) between January 2023 and December 2023.

Results: Factors hindering the ability to perform ostomy self-care were physical reasons (68.3%) and psychological reasons (66.7%). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that individuals with a chronic disease have a Katz ADL score 12.6 times higher than those without a chronic disease (p = 0.004, OR = 12.665, 95% CI: 2.304-69.614). Qualitative analysis identified three themes as challenges, taking over ostomy care and factors improving the quality of life with ostomy.

Conclusion: The findings indicate that having an ostomy impairs individuals' ability to perform daily activities independently and manage their ostomy. Additionally, the presence of a chronic disease in ostomates predicts greater dependence in daily activities. In this regard, support mechanisms should be identified and activated based on the needs of ostomates and chronic diseases, with nursing interventions tailored to address those needs.

Implications for the profession and/or patient care: A dedicated team of specialised ostomy nurses can offer valuable support by focusing on ostomy management and assessing factors that affect both self-care and daily activities.

Impact: This study highlights the impact of coping with an ostomy on daily life and self-care, underscoring the need for targeted support for vulnerable groups and guiding ostomy care nurses in post-discharge follow-up and support group organisation.

Reporting methods: STROBE and GRAMMS checklists.

Patient or public contribution: Patients contributed to the study by sharing their experiences through face-to-face interviews during data collection process.