High-field MRI findings in epileptic dogs with a normal inter-ictal neurological examination.

IF 2.9 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Frontiers in Veterinary Science Pub Date : 2025-01-15 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.3389/fvets.2024.1507861

Stephanie Phillipps, Rita Goncalves

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Abstract

Introduction: Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological conditions affecting dogs. Previous research exploring the likelihood of a structural cause of epilepsy specifically in dogs with a normal inter-ictal examination is limited to a small population of dogs using low-field MRI. The aims of this study were to establish high-field (1.0T and 1.5T) MRI findings in dogs presenting with epileptic seizures and a normal inter-ictal examination.

Methods: Medical records were retrospectively searched for dogs presenting with at least two epileptic seizure events more than 24 h apart. To be included in the study, patients had to have a normal neurological examination, high-field MRI of the brain and have had metabolic and toxic causes excluded.

Results: Four hundred and twelve dogs were eligible for inclusion. Crossbreeds were most commonly affected (n = 63, 15.3%) followed by Border collies (n = 39, 9.5%) and Labrador retrievers (n = 26, 6.3%). Seventy-six dogs (18.5%) had abnormalities detected on MRI, 60 (78.9%) of which were considered to be incidental. Overall, 16 dogs (3.9%) had a structural cause of their epileptic seizures including neoplasia (n = 13, 81.3%), anomalous (n = 2, 12.5%) and meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO) (n = 1, 6.3%). When split into age group at first epileptic seizure structural lesions were documented in 0/66 dogs aged <1 year, 4/256 (1.6%) dogs aged ≥1 year ≤6 years (three neoplastic and one anomalous), 3/51 (5.9%) aged >6 years ≤8 years (two neoplastic and one MUO), and 9/39 (23.1%) dogs aged >8 years (eight neoplastic, one anomalous). Multivariate analysis identified two risk factors for structural disease: increasing age at first epileptic seizure (p < 0.001, OR = 4.390, CI 2.338-8.072) and a history of status epilepticus (p = 0.049, OR = 4.389, CI 1.010-19.078).

Discussion: Structural lesions are an uncommon cause of epilepsy at any age in dogs with a normal inter-ictal examination.

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脑间神经检查正常的癫痫犬的高场MRI表现。

癫痫病是影响狗的最常见的慢性神经系统疾病之一。先前的研究探索癫痫的结构性原因的可能性，特别是在狗的正常间质检查中，仅限于使用低场MRI的一小部分狗。本研究的目的是建立癫痫发作犬的高场（1.0T和1.5T） MRI表现，并进行正常的间期检查。方法：回顾性检索至少两次癫痫发作事件间隔超过24 h的犬的医疗记录。要纳入研究，患者必须进行正常的神经系统检查，脑部高场核磁共振成像，并排除代谢和毒性原因。结果：有112只狗符合纳入条件。杂交品种最常见（n = 63,15.3%），其次是边境牧羊犬（n = 39,9.5%）和拉布拉多猎犬（n = 26,6.3%）。76只狗（18.5%）在MRI上检测到异常，其中60只（78.9%）被认为是偶然的。总的来说，16只狗（3.9%）癫痫发作的结构性原因包括肿瘤（n = 13,81.3%）、异常（n = 2,12.5%）和不明原因脑膜脑炎（n = 1,6.3%）。将首次癫痫发作的年龄组分为6 岁≤8 岁的0/66犬（2例肿瘤和1例MUO）和9/39 (23.1%)bb0 8 岁的犬（8例肿瘤，1例异常）。多因素分析确定了结构性疾病的两个危险因素：首次癫痫发作年龄增加（p p = 0.049,OR = 4.389,CI 1.010-19.078）。讨论：结构病变是癫痫的一个不常见的原因，在任何年龄的狗与正常的间质检查。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Frontiers in Veterinary Science Veterinary-General Veterinary

CiteScore

4.80

自引率

9.40%

发文量

1870

审稿时长

14 weeks

期刊介绍： Frontiers in Veterinary Science is a global, peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that bridges animal and human health, brings a comparative approach to medical and surgical challenges, and advances innovative biotechnology and therapy. Veterinary research today is interdisciplinary, collaborative, and socially relevant, transforming how we understand and investigate animal health and disease. Fundamental research in emerging infectious diseases, predictive genomics, stem cell therapy, and translational modelling is grounded within the integrative social context of public and environmental health, wildlife conservation, novel biomarkers, societal well-being, and cutting-edge clinical practice and specialization. Frontiers in Veterinary Science brings a 21st-century approach—networked, collaborative, and Open Access—to communicate this progress and innovation to both the specialist and to the wider audience of readers in the field. Frontiers in Veterinary Science publishes articles on outstanding discoveries across a wide spectrum of translational, foundational, and clinical research. The journal''s mission is to bring all relevant veterinary sciences together on a single platform with the goal of improving animal and human health.