{"title":"History of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) test guidelines for non-animal test methods in Japan.","authors":"Hajime Kojima","doi":"10.1186/s41021-024-00323-7","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The number of alternatives to animal tests (non-animal test methods) for human health developed globally account for more than 40% of the test methods in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals (TGs). Within the TGs, the National Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS) has standardized 16 OECD TGs for human health, implemented four major revisions, and developed one test method for the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) S10 guidelines on photosafety. This review describes trends in the OECD and Japan that mainly focus on international standardizations of non-animal test methods for human health. Drawing from this experience, I hope Japan will advance new approach methodologies for detecting systemic toxicity, which are in global demand.</p>","PeriodicalId":12709,"journal":{"name":"Genes and Environment","volume":"47 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11781050/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Genes and Environment","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41021-024-00323-7","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"GENETICS & HEREDITY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The number of alternatives to animal tests (non-animal test methods) for human health developed globally account for more than 40% of the test methods in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals (TGs). Within the TGs, the National Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS) has standardized 16 OECD TGs for human health, implemented four major revisions, and developed one test method for the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) S10 guidelines on photosafety. This review describes trends in the OECD and Japan that mainly focus on international standardizations of non-animal test methods for human health. Drawing from this experience, I hope Japan will advance new approach methodologies for detecting systemic toxicity, which are in global demand.
期刊介绍：
Genes and Environment is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that aims to accelerate communications among global scientists working in the field of genes and environment. The journal publishes articles across a broad range of topics including environmental mutagenesis and carcinogenesis, environmental genomics and epigenetics, molecular epidemiology, genetic toxicology and regulatory sciences.
Topics published in the journal include, but are not limited to, mutagenesis and anti-mutagenesis in bacteria; genotoxicity in mammalian somatic cells; genotoxicity in germ cells; replication and repair; DNA damage; metabolic activation and inactivation; water and air pollution; ROS, NO and photoactivation; pharmaceuticals and anticancer agents; radiation; endocrine disrupters; indirect mutagenesis; threshold; new techniques for environmental mutagenesis studies; DNA methylation (enzymatic); structure activity relationship; chemoprevention of cancer; regulatory science. Genetic toxicology including risk evaluation for human health, validation studies on testing methods and subjects of guidelines for regulation of chemicals are also within its scope.
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