Effectiveness of educational interventions in United States schools to prevent opioid-related harms: A systematic review

IF 3.6 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Addictive behaviors Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI:10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108268

Christina Hua-Nguyen , Ashley Harris , Micah E. Herrera , Jamison Falk , Me-Linh Le , Shweta Mital

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Abstract

Issues

The opioid crisis in North America has increased concerns about adolescent problematic opioid use. Schools are crucial in prevention efforts, but the effectiveness of school-based educational programs is debated. This review evaluates the effectiveness of school-based opioid education programs in preventing opioid-related harms, and improving knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about opioids among youth.

Approach

Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Ovid PsycInfo, ERIC, and Web of Science databases were searched in January 2025. Included studies met the following criteria: (1) were published in English; (2) conducted in a middle or high school setting; (3) the intervention related to opioid education; (4) randomized trials or observational studies; and (5) published between January 2000 and January 2025.

Key Findings

Among 1405 studies screened, eight met the inclusion criteria and evaluated seven school-based opioid education programs with participants aged between 11 and 18 years. Most studies used quasi-experimental designs, and only one was a randomized controlled trial. One study showed that combining classroom-based interventions in grade 7 with sessions that involved parents participating alongside students significantly reduced prescription opioid misuse, with effects lasting until grade 12. Four studies showed improved knowledge and attitudes towards opioid use and two showed increased understanding of opioid withdrawal and overdose management.

Implications and Conclusion

This review is the first to evaluate school-based opioid education programs for adolescents. Findings indicate that these programs effectively increase opioid knowledge and reduce problematic opioid use, though further randomized trials among diverse participant samples are needed to confirm efficacy and generalizability of findings.

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美国学校预防阿片类药物相关危害的教育干预措施的有效性：一项系统综述。

问题：北美的阿片类药物危机增加了对青少年有问题的阿片类药物使用的担忧。学校在预防工作中起着至关重要的作用，但以学校为基础的教育项目的有效性却存在争议。本综述评估了以学校为基础的阿片类药物教育计划在预防阿片类药物相关危害以及改善青少年对阿片类药物的知识、态度和信念方面的有效性。方法：在2025年1月检索了Ovid MEDLINE， Ovid Embase, Ovid PsycInfo， ERIC和Web of Science数据库。纳入的研究符合以下标准：(1)以英文发表；（二）在初高中环境中进行的；(3)阿片类药物教育相关干预；(4)随机试验或观察性研究；(5)出版于2000年1月至2025年1月之间。主要发现：在筛选的1405项研究中，8项符合纳入标准，并评估了7项以学校为基础的阿片类药物教育计划，参与者年龄在11至18岁之间。大多数研究采用准实验设计，只有一项是随机对照试验。一项研究表明，将七年级的课堂干预与家长与学生一起参与的会议相结合，可以显著减少处方阿片类药物的滥用，这种影响一直持续到十二年级。四项研究表明，对阿片类药物使用的认识和态度有所改善，两项研究表明，对阿片类药物戒断和过量管理的了解有所增加。含义和结论：本综述首次评估了以学校为基础的青少年阿片类药物教育项目。研究结果表明，这些计划有效地增加了阿片类药物的知识，减少了阿片类药物的使用问题，尽管需要在不同的参与者样本中进一步的随机试验来证实研究结果的有效性和普遍性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Addictive behaviors 医学-药物滥用

CiteScore

8.40

自引率

4.50%

发文量

283

审稿时长

46 days

期刊介绍： Addictive Behaviors is an international peer-reviewed journal publishing high quality human research on addictive behaviors and disorders since 1975. The journal accepts submissions of full-length papers and short communications on substance-related addictions such as the abuse of alcohol, drugs and nicotine, and behavioral addictions involving gambling and technology. We primarily publish behavioral and psychosocial research but our articles span the fields of psychology, sociology, psychiatry, epidemiology, social policy, medicine, pharmacology and neuroscience. While theoretical orientations are diverse, the emphasis of the journal is primarily empirical. That is, sound experimental design combined with valid, reliable assessment and evaluation procedures are a requisite for acceptance. However, innovative and empirically oriented case studies that might encourage new lines of inquiry are accepted as well. Studies that clearly contribute to current knowledge of etiology, prevention, social policy or treatment are given priority. Scholarly commentaries on topical issues, systematic reviews, and mini reviews are encouraged. We especially welcome multimedia papers that incorporate video or audio components to better display methodology or findings. Studies can also be submitted to Addictive Behaviors? companion title, the open access journal Addictive Behaviors Reports, which has a particular interest in ''non-traditional'', innovative and empirically-oriented research such as negative/null data papers, replication studies, case reports on novel treatments, and cross-cultural research.