Potential of Albumin-Bilirubin Score for Estimating the Voriconazole-Induced Hepatotoxicity Undergoing Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract

Purpose

Despite implementation of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for voriconazole, the incidence of hepatotoxicity remains high. The albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score may be useful for estimating voriconazole-induced hepatotoxicity. This pilot study aimed to investigate whether the ALBI score could estimate voriconazole-induced hepatotoxicity during TDM implementation.

Methods

This single-center, retrospective cohort study included 134 patients. The primary outcome was voriconazole-induced hepatotoxicity. The cutoff value of the ALBI score was determined using a receiver operating characteristic curve. The cumulative risk of hepatotoxicity was evaluated using Kaplan–Meier curve analysis with a log-rank test for the cutoff value and ALBI grade. Moreover, the group of patients with the trough concentration of voriconazole 1−4 μg/mL was also investigated.

Findings

The incidence of hepatotoxicity was 13.4% (18/134). The cutoff value of the ALBI score was -1.91 (sensitivity, 0.611; specificity, 0.655; area under the curve, 0.615). The cumulative risk of hepatotoxicity was significantly higher in the ALBI score ≥-1.91 group than in the ALBI score <-1.91 group (P = 0.024) and patients with higher ALBI grades tended to be at higher risk (P = 0.080). The cumulative risk tended to be higher with ALBI ≥-1.91 in the trough concentration 1−4 μg/mL group; however, no significant difference was found (P = 0.134).

Implications

The pilot study indicated that the ALBI score ≥-1.91 may be an indicator for voriconazole-induced hepatotoxicity even when TDM is conducted. Because this study was a single-center and small cohort design, further studies should be conducted using a large datasets and translational research.