Prevalence and determinants of low birth weight in Ethiopia: A multilevel meta-analysis and systematic review

IF 3.9 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Public Health Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI:10.1016/j.puhe.2024.12.044

Samuel Derbie Habtegiorgis , Lake Kumlachew , Adane Tesfaye , Molla Azmeraw , Eyerus Tesfaw , Animut Takele Telayneh , Adane Adugna , Friehiwot Molla , Molla Yigzaw Birhanu , Kalkidan Worku Mitiku

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Abstract

Objectives: Worldwide in 2015, approximately 20.5 million infants were born underweight, with Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia bearing the highest burden. Numerous studies have investigated low birth weight (LBW) and its contributing factors in Ethiopia, enlightening notable variations in reported prevalence and associated factors. The goal of this study was to estimate the pooled prevalence of LBW and identify determinants using a multilevel meta-analytic approach.

Study design

A multilevel meta-analysis was conducted with R (version 4.4.0) using the metafor package.

Methods

We searched the PubMed/MedLine, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases from January 2018 to May 2024. multilevel random effects model, with the restricted maximum likelihood method used by accounting for the nested structure of the data, with studies nested within clusters.

Results

The pooled proportion of low birth weight based on the three-level meta-analysis model was 0.36 (95%CI: 0.32–0.39; p < 0.0001). The estimated variance components were Level₃ = 5.13 % and Level₂ = 92.30 %. Subgroup analyses were done based on different factors. However, there is no significant difference between groups.

maternal age (OR: 2.46; 95 % CI: 1.96 to 3.09), AnteNatal Care follow-up (OR: 3.00; 95 % CI: 1.86 to 4.84), Gestational Age (OR: 9.68; 95 % CI: 5.88 to 15.94), Birth Interval (OR: 3.97; 95 % CI: 1.13 to 13.97), Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (OR: 2.83; 95 % CI: 1.34 to 5.97), and maternal anaemic status (OR: 3.32 95 % CI: 1.14 to 9.69) were the possible factors.

Conclusions

This study found a 36 % double arcsin transformed proportion of low birth weight, with significant factors including maternal age, ANC follow-up, gestational age, birth interval, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and maternal anaemia. Interventions like promoting a good diet, sufficient antenatal care, and maintaining a clean environment are needed to meet global nutrition goals by 2025.

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来源期刊

Public Health 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生

CiteScore

7.60

自引率

0.00%

发文量

280

审稿时长

37 days

期刊介绍： Public Health is an international, multidisciplinary peer-reviewed journal. It publishes original papers, reviews and short reports on all aspects of the science, philosophy, and practice of public health.