Influenza A Virus Complicated by Myopericarditis with Pericardial Effusion

Abstract

Influenza A viral infection classically presents as pulmonary manifestations which often require symptomatic management. It can rarely be complicated by pericarditis with concurrent pericardial effusion. We present a unique case of myopericarditis with a pericardial effusion caused by Influenza A. Our patient was presented with elevated troponin and BNP. Chest x-ray showed an enlargement of the cardiac silhouette and clear lungs. CT angiography was remarkable for pericardial effusion. An echocardiogram was performed which demonstrated mild concentric left ventricular hypertrophy with small to moderate circumferential pericardial effusion, and no echocardiographic signs of cardiac tamponade. The significance of our case makes clinicians aware that acute myopericarditis with concurrent pericardial effusion can lead to fatal complications such as cardiac tamponade or cardiogenic shock if left untreated. Early diagnosis and treatment as presented in our case could reduce the risk of such severe cardiac events from occurring.