Systematic review and meta-analysis of the treatment of hypernatremia in adult hospitalized patients: impact on mortality, morbidity, and treatment-related side effects

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q2 CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE Journal of critical care Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI:10.1016/j.jcrc.2024.155012

Nuanprae Kitisin , Nattaya Raykateeraroj , Yukiko Hikasa , Larissa Bianchini , Nuttapol Pattamin , Anis Chaba , Akinori Maeda , Sofia Spano , Glenn Eastwood , Kyle White , Rinaldo Bellomo

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Abstract

Background

Hypernatremia is relatively common in acutely ill patients and associated with mortality. Guidelines recommend a slow rate of correction (≤ 0.5 mmol/L per hour). However, a faster correction rate may be safe and improve outcomes.

Objectives

To evaluate the impact of sodium correction rates on mortality and hospital length of stay and to assess types of hypernatremia treatment and treatment side effects.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis according to PRISMA guidelines, searching Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL databases from inception to August 2024. Studies reporting sodium correction rates and clinical outcomes in hospitalized adults were included. A random-effects meta-analysis assessed mortality and hospital length of stay, with subgroup analyses exploring correction timing and severity. Treatment method and side effects were analyzed qualitatively.

Results

We reviewed 4445 articles and included 12 studies. Faster correction rates (> 0.5 mmol/L/h) overall showed no significant change in mortality and a high level of heterogeneity (OR 0.68, 95 % CI: 0.38–1.24, I² = 95 %). However, subgroup analyses found significantly lower mortality with faster correction of hypernatremia at the time of hospital admission (OR 0.48, 95 % CI: 0.35–0.68, I² = 2 %), with fast correction within the first 24 h of diagnosis (OR 0.48, 95 % CI: 0.31–0.73, I² = 65 %), and for severe hypernatremia (OR 0.55, 95 % CI: 0.33–0.92, I² = 79 %). There was no significant different in hospital length of stay by correction rate. No major neurological complications were reported when the correction rate was < 1 mmol/L/h.

Conclusion

Faster sodium correction appears safe and may benefit patients with severe admission-related hypernatremia, particularly within the first 24 h. Further studies are needed to refine correction protocols.

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来源期刊

Journal of critical care 医学-危重病医学

CiteScore

8.60

自引率

2.70%

发文量

237

审稿时长

23 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Critical Care, the official publication of the World Federation of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine (WFSICCM), is a leading international, peer-reviewed journal providing original research, review articles, tutorials, and invited articles for physicians and allied health professionals involved in treating the critically ill. The Journal aims to improve patient care by furthering understanding of health systems research and its integration into clinical practice. The Journal will include articles which discuss: All aspects of health services research in critical care System based practice in anesthesiology, perioperative and critical care medicine The interface between anesthesiology, critical care medicine and pain Integrating intraoperative management in preparation for postoperative critical care management and recovery Optimizing patient management, i.e., exploring the interface between evidence-based principles or clinical insight into management and care of complex patients The team approach in the OR and ICU System-based research Medical ethics Technology in medicine Seminars discussing current, state of the art, and sometimes controversial topics in anesthesiology, critical care medicine, and professional education Residency Education.