Synthesis and characterization of Ba0.8Ca0.2CoxZrxFe12-2xO19 by Sol-Gel Auto-Combustion route

Abstract

In the present study, Ba_0.8Ca_0.2Fe_12-2xCo_xZr_xO₁₉ (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 1.00) were manufactured by a sol–gel auto-combustion route (SGACR) and fabricated materials were calcined for 6 h at 900 °C. These Ba_0.8Ca_0.2Fe_12-2xCo_xZr_xO₁₉ (x = 0.00–1.00) were analyzed using different characterization techniques such as FTIR, XRD, VSM, Raman, and Impedance Analyzer. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) data reveals that an intermediate phase (α-Fe₂O₃) was observed in x  = 0.00. Secondary phases such as BaFe₂O₄, α/γ-Fe₂O_3, and BaCO₃ could not be detected in x  = 0.20 to 1.00. The crystallite size monotonically decreases from 70.06 to 57.10 nm with an increment in Co-Zr content. Both lattice parameters enhanced with increment in dopant concentration because of large ionic radii of Zr⁴⁺ and Co²⁺. Raman peaks expand and intensity decreases with Zr⁴⁺ and Co²⁺ doping. The magnetic saturation values rise linearly with an enhancement in dopant concentration from x = 0.00 to 0.80 (M_s = 48.39–54.15 emu/g). A broadly inherent coercivity (H_c) in the extent 4858 Oe at (x = 0.00) to 1248 Oe at (x = 1.00) was analysed. The hard-permanent magnet-type material is transformed into soft magnetic recording materials with Zr⁴⁺ and Co²⁺ doping. The dielectric report clearly explains that (a) prime dielectric constant is recorded at curtail frequency (b) the greatest dielectric nature of the sample is exhibited at x  = 0.80 and x = 1.00, and (c) further enhancement in enforced frequency leads to a reduction in dielectric constant. This synthesized material finds application in permanent magnets and EM shielding.