Enhancing CO2 foam stability with hexane vapours: Mitigating coarsening and drainage rates

Abstract

CO₂ foams often suffer from poor stability due to high coarsening and coalescence rates, limiting their effectiveness in various applications. While it is well-established that small amounts of insoluble vapours such as alkane or fluorocarbon vapours can impede coarsening and recent studies have demonstrated their impact on coalescence, their specific effect on the CO₂ foams has not been studied. This research provides a comprehensive examination of stabilising effect of hexane on CO₂ foams in the presence of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS). We investigated the foam stability of CO₂ foams, benchmarking them against N₂ foams by analysing foam lifetime, liquid drainage rate, and the evolution of bubble size. Additionally, we quantified the stabilising impact of hexane by calculating the coarsening rate. To gain insights into the adsorption mechanism of surfactants in the presence of hexane, we conducted surface tension and interfacial dilational rheology measurements, which demonstrated an increased adsorption of surfactant molecules at the interface and increased dilational viscoelasticity of interface when n-hexane was present. The introduction of hexane significantly improved foam stability, reducing coarsening rates by more than an order of magnitude. This improvement in foam stability is attributed to inhibited CO₂ diffusion from the bubbles, as well as enhanced surfactant adsorption and surface elasticity, resulting in an approximate 3.6-fold increase in foam half-life.