Thermal fluctuations, particle collision, QPOs, and emission energy around a Schwarzschild black hole immersed in Dehnen-type dark matter halo

Abstract

This article investigates the properties of test particles near a Schwarzschild black hole embedded in a Dehnen-type dark matter halo, focusing on how the model’s parameters influence particle dynamics. The model is defined by three key parameters: the black hole’s mass $M$, the central halo’s radius $R_s$, and the central halo density $\rho$. Explicit expressions for the energy and angular momentum of test particles are derived based on these parameters. The study also explores the effective potential, the innermost stable circular orbits (ISCO), and the forces acting on the particles. Additionally, we analyze the epicyclic oscillations of particles near the equatorial plane, providing analytical formulas for the radial, vertical, and orbital frequencies as functions of the model’s parameters. The research further examines the frequency of periastron precession for these particles. Moreover, we probe particle collisions near the black hole’s horizon and compute the center-of-mass energy. The results emphasize the significant influence of the black hole model’s parameters on particle motion.