Impact of gravitational collapse exhibiting loop quantum black holes on thermodynamical features and weak gravitational lensing

Abstract

This paper investigates the loop quantum black hole (LQBH) model, focusing on its thermodynamic stability and gravitational lensing properties. We further examine the thermodynamic characteristics of these black holes, specifically their stability, by analyzing potential phase transitions and energy emissions. In the context of thermodynamic analysis, we discuss the temperature, specific heat, and Gibbs free energy. We also study the effects of weak gravitational lensing within these black holes under different conditions: uniform plasma, non-uniform plasma, and a non-singular isothermal gas with spherical symmetry, calculating the deflection angle and analyzing the influence of black hole parameters on the deflection angle. Additionally, we discuss the magnification of gravitationally lensed images, addressing the distinct lensing effects resulting from uniform and non-uniform plasma by analyzing the total deflection angle in the plasma field.