Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: A comprehensive review of phenotypic and genotypic methods for detection

Abstract

Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is a non-motile Gram-negative bacterium in the Enterobacteriaceae family. The rise of antibiotic resistance, especially carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP), poses a serious public health threat due to its multidrug-resistant nature and high mortality rates. This study aims to provide an overview of phenotypic and genotypic methods for identifying CRKP. The study found that Carba NP, MCNP, and eCIM are highly sensitive phenotypic tests, while Carba NP, MCNP, eCIM, and mCIM are the most specific. Among genotypic methods, Multiplex PCR, LAMP, and q-PCR are the most sensitive, and Multiplex PCR, PCR, and q-PCR are the most specific. Conventional methods' limitations have delayed timely pathogen analysis, emphasizing the need for quick and accurate CRKP identification in clinical settings for detection and infection control.