Physicochemical and Spatial Distributions of Trace Elements and Organochlorine Compounds in Lake Idku Water, Egypt

IF 3 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI:10.1007/s11270-025-07757-x

Khaled A. Osman, Sara M. Elgendy, Hesham Z. Ibrahim

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Abstract

This study aimed to characterize the water quality of 4 sites in Lake Idku, the third largest wetland region in Egypt regarding the physicochemical indicators, the spatial distributions of certain trace elements and organochlorine compounds (OCs). Most of the tested water quality indicators were above the permissible limits of River Nile water except nitrate was lower than the permissible limits. The distribution and concentrations of Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb, and Cd significantly differed (p > 0.05) among the sampling sites, where mean concentrations of these trace elements in all the tested sites ranged from 0.0226–0.0392, 0.010–0.098, 0.3570–1.0160, 0.084–0.942, 0.015–0.024, and 0.011–0.023 mg/L, respectively. The west site of the lake contained the highest contents of the trace elements, followed by the east, north, and then south sites. Water collected from the south site had the highest concentrations of Fe and Cu, while those collected from the west site had the highest concentrations of Zn, Pb, and Cd, and samples from the east site had the highest concentrations of Mn. The concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, and Mn in all samples which exceeded the Egyptian regulations, except those collected from the south site which contained levels of Mn that met the regulations. Regarding the residues of OCs, the ∑OCs can be grouped in descending order as follows: north site > east site > west site > south site, with values of 5.632, 5.230, 4.731, and 4.650 µg/L, respectively. All the detected OCs were above the maximum acceptable levels as compared to WHO standards of 0.1 μg/L, except for p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD, and p,p'-DDE which were at lower levels. In conclusion, the water quality of Lake Idku may at risk to biota and humans, monitoring, management, and mitigation strategies are urgently required to prevent further pollution by restricting the discharge of industrial and agricultural wastewater into Lake Idku.

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埃及伊库湖水体中微量元素和有机氯化合物的理化及空间分布

本研究旨在对埃及第三大湿地伊库湖4个样地的水质进行理化指标、部分微量元素和有机氯化合物（OCs）的空间分布特征分析。除硝酸盐含量低于尼罗河水质允许值外，其余水质指标均高于尼罗河水质允许值。Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Pb和Cd在各采样点的分布和浓度差异显著（p > 0.05），各采样点的平均浓度分别为0.0226 ~ 0.0392、0.010 ~ 0.098、0.3570 ~ 1.0160、0.084 ~ 0.942、0.015 ~ 0.024和0.011 ~ 0.023 mg/L。湖泊西部遗址的微量元素含量最高，其次是东部、北部和南部遗址。南区采集的水Fe和Cu的浓度最高，西区采集的水Zn、Pb和Cd的浓度最高，东区采集的水Mn的浓度最高。所有样品中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd和Mn的含量均超过埃及规定，但南部站点采集的样品中Mn的含量符合规定。对于OCs残留量，∑OCs由大到小依次为：北点>、东点>、西点>、南点，其值分别为5.632、5.230、4.731、4.650µg/L。除p，p'-滴滴涕、p，p'-DDD和p，p'-DDE水平较低外，所有检测到的有机化合物均高于世界卫生组织的最高可接受水平（0.1 μg/L）。综上所述，伊德库湖的水质可能对生物群和人类构成威胁，迫切需要监测、管理和缓解战略，通过限制工业和农业废水排放到伊德库湖来防止进一步污染。

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来源期刊

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

6.90%

发文量

448

审稿时长

2.6 months

期刊介绍： Water, Air, & Soil Pollution is an international, interdisciplinary journal on all aspects of pollution and solutions to pollution in the biosphere. This includes chemical, physical and biological processes affecting flora, fauna, water, air and soil in relation to environmental pollution. Because of its scope, the subject areas are diverse and include all aspects of pollution sources, transport, deposition, accumulation, acid precipitation, atmospheric pollution, metals, aquatic pollution including marine pollution and ground water, waste water, pesticides, soil pollution, sewage, sediment pollution, forestry pollution, effects of pollutants on humans, vegetation, fish, aquatic species, micro-organisms, and animals, environmental and molecular toxicology applied to pollution research, biosensors, global and climate change, ecological implications of pollution and pollution models. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution also publishes manuscripts on novel methods used in the study of environmental pollutants, environmental toxicology, environmental biology, novel environmental engineering related to pollution, biodiversity as influenced by pollution, novel environmental biotechnology as applied to pollution (e.g. bioremediation), environmental modelling and biorestoration of polluted environments. Articles should not be submitted that are of local interest only and do not advance international knowledge in environmental pollution and solutions to pollution. Articles that simply replicate known knowledge or techniques while researching a local pollution problem will normally be rejected without review. Submitted articles must have up-to-date references, employ the correct experimental replication and statistical analysis, where needed and contain a significant contribution to new knowledge. The publishing and editorial team sincerely appreciate your cooperation. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution publishes research papers; review articles; mini-reviews; and book reviews.