Degradable pH-Sensitive Calcium-Crosslinked Tragacanth Gum/β-Cyclodextrin/Sodium Alginate Hydrogel Microspheres Prepared via Ionotropic Gelation Technique for Hydrophobic Drug Delivery

IF 4.7 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Journal of Polymers and the Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI:10.1007/s10924-024-03449-5

Priyanka Meena, Poonam Singh, Sudhir G. Warkar

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Abstract

Sodium alginate (SA) hydrogel microspheres are attracting interest in biomedical applications due to their easy degradation and non-toxic nature. However, their high swelling capacity and limited loading efficiency for hydrophobic drugs hinder their application in controlled drug release. The objective of the work is to develop smart vehicles that show effective loading and controlled release of hydrophobic drug. In this study, a series of tragacanth gum/β-cyclodextrin/sodium alginate (TG/β-CD/SA) hydrogel microspheres were designed via the ionotropic gelation method for delivery of hydrophobic drug aspirin. The effect of variation in TG, SA, and β-CD concentration on hydrogel microspheres swelling (%) was examined. The hydrogel microspheres were analyzed using Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques. ATR-FTIR confirmed the successful synthesis of crosslinked TG/β-CD/SA hydrogel microspheres. PXRD showed that the microspheres are amorphous and that the drug is uniformly dispersed within the hydrogel. SEM revealed that the polymeric network has a porous and spherical surface morphology. The drug loading (%), sol–gel fraction (%), degradation (%), and rheological studies were investigated. The in vitro analysis shows a controlled release pattern at pH 1.2 and 7.4 in the TG/β-CD/SA hydrogel. The rheological analysis revealed that the elastic nature is dominant over the viscous one (G’ > G”) in synthesized TG/β-CD/SA hydrogel microspheres. The cytotoxicity evaluations conducted on the HCT-116 cell line indicate the excellent biocompatibility (87.9%) of the hydrogel. The degradation profile of the hydrogel microsphere in pH 7.4 demonstrates complete degradation (100%). Hence, the TG/β-CD/SA hydrogel microsphere reflects its potential as a non-toxic, degradable, and pH-dependent drug delivery system.

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来源期刊

Journal of Polymers and the Environment 工程技术-高分子科学

CiteScore

9.50

自引率

7.50%

发文量

297

审稿时长

9 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Polymers and the Environment fills the need for an international forum in this diverse and rapidly expanding field. The journal serves a crucial role for the publication of information from a wide range of disciplines and is a central outlet for the publication of high-quality peer-reviewed original papers, review articles and short communications. The journal is intentionally interdisciplinary in regard to contributions and covers the following subjects - polymers, environmentally degradable polymers, and degradation pathways: biological, photochemical, oxidative and hydrolytic; new environmental materials: derived by chemical and biosynthetic routes; environmental blends and composites; developments in processing and reactive processing of environmental polymers; characterization of environmental materials: mechanical, physical, thermal, rheological, morphological, and others; recyclable polymers and plastics recycling environmental testing: in-laboratory simulations, outdoor exposures, and standardization of methodologies; environmental fate: end products and intermediates of biodegradation; microbiology and enzymology of polymer biodegradation; solid-waste management and public legislation specific to environmental polymers; and other related topics.