Enhanced Viability of Iron-Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles with Antibacterial Efficacy

Abstract

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂NPs) exhibit optical, electrical, and magnetic properties and are potential candidates for biomedical uses. The cytotoxicity comparison among undoped as well as iron-doped TiO₂NPs is supported by the current study. The antibacterial test was also conducted for five different bacteria. Pure and iron-doped TiO₂NPs were synthesized using titanium isopropoxide and iron nitrate nonahydrate as precursors using the co-precipitation method. The synthesized TiO₂NPs were characterized by XRD (X-ray diffraction), UV-Vis (UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy), EDAX (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) analysis, and FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) analysis. XRD examination revealed a shift in peak when TiO₂ is doped with iron. EDAX analysis verified that (Fe³⁺) iron particles were present in the TiO₂ crystal structure. Band gap energy was calculated from UV-Vis, and it was confirmed that with an increase in doping concentration, band gap energy seems to decrease. FTIR analysis established the presence of different functional groups within TiO₂NPs. The in-vitro cytotoxic effect was determined using the MTT assay method. The study showed that the iron-doped TiO₂NPs are comparatively less cytotoxic than pure TiO₂NPs.