{"title":"Characterization methods and improvement strategies of shotcrete shootability: a systematic review","authors":"Chenglong Yu, Xiaojie Chen, Yi Tian, Mustapha Jamaa Garba, Xiaofeng Zhou, Zonglin Xie, Qiang Yuan","doi":"10.1007/s43452-025-01119-4","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Shotcrete is a widely used material for tunneling engineering due to its multiple advantages including formwork-free pouring, fast setting and hardening, and convenient construction technology. The extensive application of shotcrete in engineering has evolved many challenges such as pipe plugging, inadequate build-up thickness, high rebound loss, and poor early strength, which significantly affect its engineering application and economics. The key to solving these challenges lies in improving shotcrete shootability upfront. To advance the understanding and development of this research field, this paper first reviews the definition of shotcrete shootability based on concrete performance changes during the spraying process. Then, the characterization methods of shotcrete shootability were analyzed with a focus on rebound loss. Finally, the factors influencing shotcrete shootability were discussed and measures for improvement were highlighted. This review aims to offer new insights and attract the attention of researchers to facilitate the development of shotcrete process technology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55474,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s43452-025-01119-4.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s43452-025-01119-4","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, CIVIL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Shotcrete is a widely used material for tunneling engineering due to its multiple advantages including formwork-free pouring, fast setting and hardening, and convenient construction technology. The extensive application of shotcrete in engineering has evolved many challenges such as pipe plugging, inadequate build-up thickness, high rebound loss, and poor early strength, which significantly affect its engineering application and economics. The key to solving these challenges lies in improving shotcrete shootability upfront. To advance the understanding and development of this research field, this paper first reviews the definition of shotcrete shootability based on concrete performance changes during the spraying process. Then, the characterization methods of shotcrete shootability were analyzed with a focus on rebound loss. Finally, the factors influencing shotcrete shootability were discussed and measures for improvement were highlighted. This review aims to offer new insights and attract the attention of researchers to facilitate the development of shotcrete process technology.
期刊介绍:
Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering (ACME) publishes both theoretical and experimental original research articles which explore or exploit new ideas and techniques in three main areas: structural engineering, mechanics of materials and materials science.
The aim of the journal is to advance science related to structural engineering focusing on structures, machines and mechanical systems. The journal also promotes advancement in the area of mechanics of materials, by publishing most recent findings in elasticity, plasticity, rheology, fatigue and fracture mechanics.
The third area the journal is concentrating on is materials science, with emphasis on metals, composites, etc., their structures and properties as well as methods of evaluation.
In addition to research papers, the Editorial Board welcomes state-of-the-art reviews on specialized topics. All such articles have to be sent to the Editor-in-Chief before submission for pre-submission review process. Only articles approved by the Editor-in-Chief in pre-submission process can be submitted to the journal for further processing. Approval in pre-submission stage doesn''t guarantee acceptance for publication as all papers are subject to a regular referee procedure.