Diorganotin(IV) Complexes Containing Hydrazone Ligands as Prospective Bioactive Agents: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Spectroscopic Analysis, Anticancer, and Antimicrobial Activity

Abstract

The exploration of diorganotin(IV) compounds as potential inhibitors of cancer cell growth is gaining attention. Here, we have emphasized the potential of diorganotin derivatives as promising candidates for anticancer therapy. Thus, a series of Schiff base core tin(IV) complexes, including dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl, and diphenyl derivatives, were synthesized and examined utilizing mass spectrometry, FT-IR, NMR, and single crystal XRD. The acquired spectroscopy results disclosed that hydrazone ligands connected to tin atom in a tridentate fashion via phenolic O, imine N, and enolic O donor atoms and formed a pentacoordinated environment, which was further validated by X-ray crystallographic diffraction study of compound 9. Single crystal X-ray examination of compound 9 demonstrated that the Sn atom is arranged in a distorted five-coordinated square pyramidal geometry. The antimicrobial potential of all prepared compounds was examined against four bacterial and two fungal strains, and complexes 7, 11, and 15 having MIC values between 0.0043 and 0.0050 μmol/mL exhibit better effectiveness against Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Further, synthesized compounds were examined for in vitro anticancer efficacy against MCF-7 and A549 cell lines and demonstrated substantial activity with standard Doxorubicin. Compounds 3 and 5, being the most active, were subsequently evaluated against normal cell line HEK 293T.