Green Ferrites: Eco-Friendly Synthesis to Applications in Environmental Remediation, Antimicrobial Activity, and Catalysis—A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Ferrite magnetic materials have emerged as capable materials in engineering, research, and medicine because of their exclusive and fascinating properties obtained from a variety of synthesis techniques. These ferrites are significant in commercial products, research, and biomedical applications. Green synthesis methods for ferrite nanocomposites and nanoparticles are becoming increasingly popular due to their usefulness in a range of industries, engineering, environmental, and medicinal remediation. Ferrite nanoparticles and nanocomposites (MFe₂O₄, where M = Ni, Cu, Mg, Co, Zn, and Mn) have recently gained popularity due to their many uses in biological, environmental, and chemical interactions. This review covers the most recent investigations over the last few years on green-synthesized ferrite nanoparticles, ferrites containing nanocomposites, and more elements, with a focus on microorganism-mediated and plant-based synthesis processes. The surface features of ferrite nanoparticles synthesized from green materials are discussed, as is their potential for sensors, energy, water treatment, antibacterial activity, biological, and heavy metal removal applications. This article presents an inclusive overview of green-synthesized ferrites, including the most recent research advances and findings. To fully realize the promise of nanoferrites in several fields, a thorough understanding of green manufacturing, properties, and applications is essential. Green-synthesized ferrites are chosen due to their potential for improved control over particle size and shape, lower cost, decreased toxicity, and environmental friendliness, all of which preserve magnetic properties that are better than those of conventionally synthesized ferrites, making them a more sustainable choice for a range of applications.