Science and Engineering of Superaerophobic Surfaces for Electrochemical Gas—Evolving Reactions: A Review of Recent Advances and Perspective

Abstract

In energy conversion processes and various industries, gas evolution reactions (GERs) play an important role. To achieve a future without fossil fuels, the development of high-efficiency electrocatalysts is necessary, as they directly affect the catalytic performance and overall efficiency of reactions. In addition to the discovery of highly active catalysts, the rapid removal of gaseous products on the electrode surface is equally important for GERs. The adherence of bubbles to the electrode surface introduces substantial resistance, significantly diminishing the system's efficiency. One promising solution to reduce the adhesion of bubbles is the development of electrocatalysts with superaerophobic levels. These surface structures, such as nanotubes, nanosheets, and nanowires, prevent gas bubbles from adhering and promote their rapid removal from the electrode. The aim of this review is first to obtain a deep understanding of mechanisms related to the creation of superaerophobic surfaces, including their characteristics, methods of creation, and bubble detachment behavior. Furthermore, recent advances in the application of these surfaces in various gas-evolving reactions to enhance electrocatalytic properties are discussed. By taking this innovative approach, valuable insights can be gained into advancing the field of electrocatalysis and driving progress toward sustainable energy solutions.