Quantum teleportation in higher dimension and entanglement distribution via quantum switches

Abstract

High-dimensional quantum states, or ‘qudits’, provide significant advantages over traditional qubits in quantum communication, such as increased information capacity, enhanced noise resilience, and reduced information loss. Despite these benefits, their implementation has been constrained by challenges in generation, transmission, and detection. This paper presents a novel theoretical framework for transmitting quantum information using qudit entanglement distribution over a superposition of causal orders in two quantum channels. Using this model, a quantum switch operation for 2-qudit systems is introduced, which facilitates enhanced fidelity of entanglement distribution and quantum teleportation. The results demonstrate that the use of qudits in entanglement distribution achieves a fidelity improvement from 0.5 (for qubit-based systems) to 0.94 for 20-dimensional qudits, even under noisy channel conditions. This enhancement is achieved by exploiting the increased Hilbert space of high-dimensional states and the inherent noise-resilience properties of quantum switches operating in superpositions of causal orders. The findings underscore the potential of qudit-based quantum systems in achieving robust and high-fidelity communication in environments where traditional qubit-based systems face limitations.