[Prevalence, phenotype distribution and cardiometabolic risk of polycystic ovarian syndrome in transgender population].

Abstract

Introduction: The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in transgender and non-binary genders assigned female at birth (TMNBG) men is controversial. Our objectives were to investigate the prevalence, phenotypic characteristics of PCOS, and cardiometabolic risk of TMNBG with and without PCOS prior to hormone therapy.

Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study of 346 TMNBG adults presenting to our service for gender-affirming hormone therapy. PCOS was diagnosed according to the evidence-based international guideline for the evaluation and treatment of PCOS 2018 and the Rotterdam consensus of 2003.

Results: The described transgender population had a prevalence of PCOS of 23.8%. Phenotype B was the most common one (39.1%), followed by phenotype A (33.7%). Transgender people with PCOS had statistically higher body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, plasma insulin levels, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-B than those who did not meet PCOS criteria. However, blood pressure and markers of insulin resistance were similar for both groups after controlling for BMI.

Discussion: PCOS appears to be prevalent among TMNBG. Transgender people with PCOS may exhibit an unfavorable cardiometabolic risk profile compared to those without PCOS, especially due to a higher BMI. It is necessary to evaluate the specific components of PCOS before starting hormonal therapy due to the long-term implications it could have.