{"title":"Sensitivity Analysis of the High-Frequency-Link MMC to DC Link Voltage Ripples in a Back-to-Back Connected MMC-Based Power Electronic Transformer","authors":"Vishnu Narayan Vipin;Ned Mohan","doi":"10.1109/TPEL.2025.3538605","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Integrating renewables and storage to the medium voltage grid (5–34.5 kV), allows for high power export while minimizing conduction losses. Recent converter topologies involve cascading low-voltage (LV) submodules (SMs) to meet grid voltage levels, enabling power extraction from LV storage units and PV arrays. This article focuses on studying such a topology with a common controllable high voltage (HV) dc link for the grid side MMC (GS-MMC) and the high-frequency link MMC (HF-MMC). The storage units and renewable sources like wind and solar provide power through the LV side of a high-frequency (HF) step-up transformer, which is processed by the HF-MMC and GS-MMC, before reaching the grid. In this configuration, GS-MMC injects voltage ripples into the common HV dc link due to the employed pulse width modulation (PWM) scheme for switching its SMs. This injected ripple interacts with the switching modulation scheme of the HF-MMC SMs, resulting in voltage oscillations in the HF-MMC capacitors and current flow through its phase legs. The article provides a mathematical basis that explains the sensitivity of the HF-MMC response to different frequencies of voltage ripple. It also offers theoretical support for the observed resonant peaks in the frequency response of the HF-MMC phase legs, the mechanism behind the unique resonance and closed-form expressions for these resonant frequencies. An approximate equivalent circuit model for the HF-MMC phase legs is provided towards this end. The analysis is validated through MATLAB/Simulink simulations and OPAL-RT based Hardware-In-Loop real-time simulations, as well as experimental results obtained using a scaled-down laboratory prototype.","PeriodicalId":13267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics","volume":"40 6","pages":"8691-8708"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10870380/","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Integrating renewables and storage to the medium voltage grid (5–34.5 kV), allows for high power export while minimizing conduction losses. Recent converter topologies involve cascading low-voltage (LV) submodules (SMs) to meet grid voltage levels, enabling power extraction from LV storage units and PV arrays. This article focuses on studying such a topology with a common controllable high voltage (HV) dc link for the grid side MMC (GS-MMC) and the high-frequency link MMC (HF-MMC). The storage units and renewable sources like wind and solar provide power through the LV side of a high-frequency (HF) step-up transformer, which is processed by the HF-MMC and GS-MMC, before reaching the grid. In this configuration, GS-MMC injects voltage ripples into the common HV dc link due to the employed pulse width modulation (PWM) scheme for switching its SMs. This injected ripple interacts with the switching modulation scheme of the HF-MMC SMs, resulting in voltage oscillations in the HF-MMC capacitors and current flow through its phase legs. The article provides a mathematical basis that explains the sensitivity of the HF-MMC response to different frequencies of voltage ripple. It also offers theoretical support for the observed resonant peaks in the frequency response of the HF-MMC phase legs, the mechanism behind the unique resonance and closed-form expressions for these resonant frequencies. An approximate equivalent circuit model for the HF-MMC phase legs is provided towards this end. The analysis is validated through MATLAB/Simulink simulations and OPAL-RT based Hardware-In-Loop real-time simulations, as well as experimental results obtained using a scaled-down laboratory prototype.
期刊介绍：
The IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics journal covers all issues of widespread or generic interest to engineers who work in the field of power electronics. The Journal editors will enforce standards and a review policy equivalent to the IEEE Transactions, and only papers of high technical quality will be accepted. Papers which treat new and novel device, circuit or system issues which are of generic interest to power electronics engineers are published. Papers which are not within the scope of this Journal will be forwarded to the appropriate IEEE Journal or Transactions editors. Examples of papers which would be more appropriately published in other Journals or Transactions include: 1) Papers describing semiconductor or electron device physics. These papers would be more appropriate for the IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. 2) Papers describing applications in specific areas: e.g., industry, instrumentation, utility power systems, aerospace, industrial electronics, etc. These papers would be more appropriate for the Transactions of the Society which is concerned with these applications. 3) Papers describing magnetic materials and magnetic device physics. These papers would be more appropriate for the IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. 4) Papers on machine theory. These papers would be more appropriate for the IEEE Transactions on Power Systems. While original papers of significant technical content will comprise the major portion of the Journal, tutorial papers and papers of historical value are also reviewed for publication.
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