Evolution of accessibility to work for low-income populations in Brazil: Towards equitable and sustainable metropolises?

Abstract

This research addresses accessibility inequalities within the context of a major Latin American metropolis, using a longitudinal analysis focused on the low-income population. Emphasizing the paradigm of sustainable accessibility planning, the study examines the evolution of job accessibility over two 15-year-apart timeframes in Fortaleza, the 4th most populous Brazilian city. The findings reveal persistent spatial mismatch and unsustainable changes in land-use patterns, highlighting ongoing challenges for low-income vulnerable groups. Despite overall improvements in accessibility, inequality patterns endure, particularly affecting those relying on public transport. The study underscores the necessity for planning processes in developing countries to address the complex causes and consequences associated with accessibility inequalities. Recommendations include a deeper exploration of differences among precarious settlements, considering population density variations, central location impact, and inequalities in job accessibility between self-built and state-constructed settlements.