A meta-review of literature reviews of disability, travel and inequalities

Abstract

Introduction

The importance of travel for mental and physical health and the adverse impacts of transport on health are increasingly recognised in policy and practice, but less attention is paid to the effects of disability on the ability to travel.

Methods

We searched the TRID database on June 1, 2023, using abstract keywords ‘disability’ or ‘disabilities’. We used the index term ‘literature reviews’ in 'all publications' from 2019 to 2023 inclusive. We also searched the journal Transport Reviews, finding six reviews, and were informed of two additional reviews. We repeated the search in July 2024, using Google Scholar. Forty-three unique recent reviews examined travellers with physical or cognitive disabilities; 24 met our inclusion criteria and underwent quality appraisal.

Results

Travel behaviour differs between transport users with and without disabilities. Those with disabilities make 10–30% fewer trips. They tend to use different transport modes and travel to nearer destinations but their journeys often take more time, are more complex, and can cost more. Individuals with disabilities are less able to travel both locally and regionally. This reduces independence, increases unemployment, and leads to missed medical appointments. Travel barriers vary with type and severity of disability, socioeconomic status, and transport infrastructure quality. People with disabilities often use familiar routes for comfort. Systemic obstacles include public transport unreliability; long waiting times; maintenance issues (e.g. pavement [sidewalk] maintenance, vehicle accessibility equipment); accessibility and affordability; and poor access to technology and information. Training for people with disabilities and transport staff is beneficial.

Conclusions

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities highlights the importance of transport to help people with disabilities access the same services, goods, and people as other people. Taking a universal design approach benefits everyone. Barriers can be overcome with accessibility policies integral to the transport planning process.