A novel method for quantifying the harmonious balance of human-water relationship

Abstract

This study proposed a set of methods for quantifying the harmonious balance of human-water relationship (HWRHB), facilitating a comprehensive understanding and evaluation of the human-water relationship (HWR). Firstly, a theoretical analysis of the HWR was conducted to clarify the HWRHB. Secondly, universal quantification methods for the HWRHB were developed for state assessment, evolution analysis, and driver identification. Thirdly, multi-index comprehensive evaluation was combined to describe the human-water system and achieve the assessment of the HWRHB. Finally, the proposed method was applied to the 18 cities in Henan Province, China. Results show that the direction of the HWRHB in Henan is hysteresis of the water system, with the state showing moderate imbalance or better, and the human-water system in or above a state of proximity disharmony, indicating that competition in the HWR is manageable. The water system generally played a positive role in improving the HWRHB composite state, while the water resource endowment remains the dominant factor due to its high variability. The methods effectively depict and quantify the HWR, demonstrating strong scientific validity and promise. Findings provide theoretical and methodological support for future HWR studies, aid in regulating the HWR in Henan, and promote regional sustainable development.