Exceptionally optimized millimeter-wave properties of cordierite-based materials via innovative processing and predictive analytics

Abstract

This study introduces an innovative sample fabrication process aimed at optimizing the properties of Mg₂Al₄(Si_0.8Ge_0.2)₅O₁₈ cordierite ceramics. The strategic via TiO₂-suspension, utilizes the core principles of liquid phase redistribution and particles rearrangement, to facilitate optimal densification through liquid phase sintering, thereby establishing a relationship among processing, microstructure, and material performance. The resulting composite ceramics, designated as MASG_0.2 + y wt%TiO₂, underwent annealing, achieving an impressive near-zero temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) of + 1.99ppm/℃, a low relative permittivity (ε_r) ≤ 5.4, and a high-quality factor (Q × f ∼ 106,912 GHz) at y = 4 wt%. The microstructural analysis and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the significant influence of annealing on the dielectric properties. The novel inclusion of machine-learning predictive analytics to this work, enabled the achievement of an unprecedented near-zero TCF of −0.01 ppm/℃ and a Q × f value of ∼112,824 GHz (∼4.3 wt% TiO₂), demonstrating a significant advancement in cordierite dielectrics for next-generation millimeter-wave applications.