Non-Hermitian gravitational effects on Bose–Einstein condensate

Abstract

We investigated the impact of Non-Hermitian gravitational potentials on the spatial distribution of Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) wave functions. Through numerical solutions of the Gross–Pitaevskii (GP) equation, we observed that the imaginary component of Non-Hermitian gravitational potentials affects the spatial periodicity of the BEC wave function phase, resulting in spatial displacement of the wave function’s peak. By formulating equations describing the momentum of the BEC wave function with respect to Non-Hermitian gravitational potential parameters and solving and analyzing them under specific conditions, we provided a reasoned interpretation of the numerical results. Our results also can be simulated experimentally with the help of electron beam technique. Our findings contribute to exploring the physical essence of Non-Hermitian gravitational potentials and their impact on BEC, offering theoretical guidance for potential related experiments.