Microwave-assisted directional and thermal properties of surface-adsorbed diatomic molecule

Abstract

The study examines the impact of microwave laser on the directional and thermal properties of a diatomic molecule adsorbed on a surface, focusing on its out-of-plane motion. The periodic laser interaction generates quasi-energy states, which are significantly influenced by surface-induced hindrance to rotational motion. This hindrance modifies the energy level spacing, facilitating selective transitions. The quasi-energy states are further analysed by varying key parameters, including the hindrance potential, laser frequency, and laser intensity. The directional properties, such as molecular alignment and orientation, strongly depend on these laser parameters. Additionally, thermodynamic characteristics, including specific heat, entropy, and internal energy, exhibit resonance-induced oscillations, particularly at low temperatures. These findings shed light on the complex interaction between laser and molecule, deepening our understanding of molecular behaviour in external fields. This research holds potential for applications in spectroscopy, quantum computing, and laser-based technologies.