Association between menstrual disorders and anti-Müllerian hormone with COVID-19: A prospective cohort study.

Abstract

Background: Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has affected almost all communities throughout the world. It affects different systems in the body, which causes irreparable consequences.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of the COVID-19 virus on menstrual disorders, anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), thyroid peroxidase (TPO), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and prolactin levels in women with COVID-19 disease.

Materials and methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted on 201 women (101 healthy, and 100 women with COVID-19) in Nomadic hospital, Khorramabad, Iran from February-October 2021. After recovery from COVID-19, participants were interviewed about their menstrual cycle in their 1 ${\hspace{0.5em}}^{\text{st}}$ and 4 ${\hspace{0.5em}}^{\text{th}}$ months. Blood samples were collected during 1 ${\hspace{0.5em}}^{\text{st}}$ and 4 ${\hspace{0.5em}}^{\text{th}}$ months, and AMH, TSH, TPO, and prolactin levels were assessed.

Results: No significant differences were observed in the 1 ${\hspace{0.5em}}^{\text{st}}$ and 4 ${\hspace{0.5em}}^{\text{th}}$ months regarding menstrual disorders, TPO, and prolactin levels in the patient group (p $>$ 0.05). The mean level of AMH in the healthy group was higher than the patient group in both times (p $<$ 0.001). A relationship between TSH and COVID-19 was observed in the 1 ${\hspace{0.5em}}^{\text{st}}$ month (p $<$ 0.001); however, no significant relationship was observed in the 4 ${\hspace{0.5em}}^{\text{th}}$ month, in this regard.

Conclusion: Endocrine dysfunction in the form of low AMH and high TSH were common among COVID-19 patients. Due to the importance of menstrual and hormonal disorders, especially AMH and TSH, and their association with COVID-19, health policymakers should find appropriate solutions to reduce complications.