Response Surface Method (RSM) Process Optimization of Sulfides Oxidation in the Presence of Orange Peel Extract Immobilized Magnetic Hybrid Nanocomposite Catalyst

Abstract

The oxidative transformation of sulfides to sulfoxides over magnetic green catalysts is one of the most important applications in pharmaceuticals. In this report, we demonstrate the step-by-step fabrication and synthesis of CoFe₂O₄, CuFe₂O₄, and Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite modified with orange peel extract complexes as advanced high-performance magnetic nanocomposite materials. One of the goals of this project was to use phenolic acid phytochemicals in the catalytic process. The newly synthesized nanocomposites were characterized by several advanced analytical methods. Utilizing the Box–Behnken experimental design and the response surface methodology (RSM), reaction parameters such the amount of catalyst, hydrogen peroxide, and duration were improved. Furthermore, without experiencing a discernible loss of reactivity in the sulfide oxidation reaction, the catalysts were effortlessly magnetically retrieved and may be employed repeatedly.