Cutting-edge developments in agro-waste derived carbon nanomaterials and their multifaceted applications in agriculture: enhancing crop imaging, nutrient efficiency, and plant health.

Abstract

The rising global population is a contributing factor to the exponential rise of agricultural output. Agro-wastes are now recognized as a substitute substance to produce sustainable, affordable, and renewable bio-based products. Abundant farm products due to a lack of processing capacity or storage room are frequently lost. A substantial amount biopolymer is present in agricultural residues. It's interesting that nanotechnology has the potential to more easily convert agricultural wastes into valuable and affordable products, eliminating the need to use toxic chemicals, which can lead to a variety of health and environmental problems. Recently, there has been a rise in interest in environmentally beneficial carbon nanomaterial (CNM) manufacturing methods that make use of agricultural waste extracts. Therefore, the goal of this review is to look into the various agro-waste sources, synthesis techniques of CNMs, characterization methods, surface functionalization chemistry, mechanistic approach and potential applications in imaging crops, nutrient utilization, and upgradation of crop health.