Minimizing Running Load via Gentle Heel Strike Techniques: A Gait Modification Study.

Abstract

Introduction: Running overuse injuries are among the most common running-related musculoskeletal injuries. Modifying gait has been recognized as an effective strategy for preventing running overuse injuries. This study investigates whether gentle heel strike (GHS) running decreases the impact loading rate during 30-minute runs in healthy participants.

Methods: In this prospective cohort interventional study, 20 male participants underwent gait modification in a controlled laboratory setting, with the goal of reducing heel impact through real-time visual feedback. Comprehensive measurements, including plantar contact, force, pressure, and detailed kinetic and kinematic analyses, were employed to assess changes in gait dynamics.

Results: GHS significantly shifted plantar pressure, reducing heel forces and increasing forefoot load. Mean heel force decreased by 0.32 (0.1) body weight (BW) and heel pressure reduced by 0.1 kPa/BW. Although peak vertical ground reaction force and anterior-posterior ground reaction force did not change significantly across the entire stance phase, early stance vertical ground reaction force (7%-12% of the gait cycle) was reduced, leading to the disappearance of the vertical impact peak. Vertical impact peak dropped from 1.45 (0.23) to 1.27 (0.25) BW. Significant reductions were also seen in the vertical instantaneous loading rate, which decreased from 68.32 (14.20) to 46.77 (13.95) BW/s, and the vertical average loading rate, which fell from 54.96 (14.38) to 38.84 (12.62) BW/s (P < .001).

Discussion: GHS has the potential to modify running mechanics by redistributing plantar pressure and diminishing heel impact force. This reduction in heel impact force could lead to a change in landing pattern anteriorly and a decrease in loading rates, potentially reducing the risk of running overuse injuries.

Conclusion: Visual biofeedback-guided GHS is feasible in healthy participants, and it effectively reduces the loading rate during running for 30 minutes.