Classification of risk for transmission of vaccine-preventable diseases in Brazilian municipalities: comparative analysis before and after the national movement for vaccination and multivaccination proposed by the Ministry of Health as of 2023.
Ana Catarina de Melo Araújo, Thales Philipe Rodrigues da Silva, Janaina Fonseca Almeida Souza, Krishna Mara Rodrigues Freire, Fernanda Penido Matozinhos, Eder Gatti Fernandes
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Abstract
Objective: To analyze the classification of the risk of transmission of vaccine-preventable diseases in Brazilian municipalities before and after the National Movement for Vaccination and Multivaccination proposed by the Ministry of Health.
Methods: This is an epidemiological, ecological study using secondary data on vaccination coverage, dropout rates, and homogeneity of vaccination coverage (HCV) for ten immunobiologicals recommended for children under 2 years of age. The study aims to compare the years 2022 and 2023 in Brazil. The vaccination coverage index (VCI), HCV, and dropout rate (DR) were evaluated in the municipalities of Brazil in the years 2022 and 2023. The municipalities were classified into risk strata for transmission of vaccine-preventable diseases before and after the strategy proposed by the Ministry of Health.
Results: The study found an increase in median vaccination coverage (VC) for all vaccines evaluated, except for the varicella vaccine. Regarding HCV, in 2022, 27.99% of Brazilian municipalities were classified as adequate (≥ 70%), and 410 (7.36%) achieved 100% HCV for all vaccines. In 2023, 34.90% of municipalities were classified as adequate (≥ 70%), and among them, 582 (10.46%) achieved 100% HCV for all vaccines. In terms of the risk classification for the transmission of vaccine-preventable diseases, Brazil had 72.01% of municipalities classified as high or very high risk in 2022, which decreased to 65.13% in 2023. As for municipalities classified as low or very low risk, 11.27% fell into this category in 2022, increasing to 18.12% in 2023.
Conclusion: The study concludes that VC surveillance, in conjunction with the Microplanning for High-Quality Vaccination Activities methodology developed by the Ministry of Health in 2023, played a crucial role in resuming immunization efforts that had been hindered by science denialism and the COVID-19 pandemic.
期刊介绍：
BMC Public Health is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that considers articles on the epidemiology of disease and the understanding of all aspects of public health. The journal has a special focus on the social determinants of health, the environmental, behavioral, and occupational correlates of health and disease, and the impact of health policies, practices and interventions on the community.
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