Optimization of photocatalytic parameters for the photodegradation of hydroxychloroquine sulfate using the Ag/Cu-TNT nanocomposite

IF 6.3 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Journal of water process engineering Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI:10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107205
Emanuel da Cruz Lima , Francisco Xavier Nobre , Gabriel e Silva Sales , Natália da Silva Ferreira , Carlos André Ferreira Moraes , Jardel Meneses Rocha , Francisco Eroni Paz dos Santos , Cristiani Campos Plá Cid , Deise Schafer , José Milton Elias de Matos
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Abstract

In this study, titanate nanotubes (TNTs) were synthesized using the alkaline hydrothermal method, and Ag and Cu ions were used to form Ag/Cu-TNT for use in the photodegradation of HCQ. The materials were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman Spectroscopy (RAMAN), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) textural analysis, photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Diffuse Reflectance Spectrometer (DRS). BET revealed a reduction in specific surface area of 139.77 m2 g−1 for 109.34 m2 g−1, related to the presence of Ag and Cu ions in the interlamellar region of TNT. XPS featured binding energies Ag 3d5/2 and Ag 3d3/2 related to Ag0 and Ag+ in Cu 2p the peaks 2p3/2 and 2p1/2 eV are attributed to oxidation states Cu+ and Cu2+. The best photocatalytic results were presented at pH 3.0, Ag/Cu-TNT loading of 5.0 × 10−3 g, and HCQ concentration of 5.0 mg/L, reaching 88.81 % degradation in 120 min. The study also identified the species that influenced photodegradation and its by-products using LC/Q-TOF MS. It is observed that the suppression of the electron species (e) and superoxide radicals (O2•-) in the HCQ solution caused a degradation, respectively, of only 47.05 % and 49.91 %, indicating that (e) and (O2•-) are the species that most act in the degradation of this pollutant. Finally, the structural stability of the Ag/Cu-TNT after four cycles was confirmed by XRD and TEM. In this way, the research has developed a durable and efficient photocatalyst with potential for application in environmental remediation.

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来源期刊
Journal of water process engineering
Journal of water process engineering Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Biotechnology
CiteScore
10.70
自引率
8.60%
发文量
846
审稿时长
24 days
期刊介绍: The Journal of Water Process Engineering aims to publish refereed, high-quality research papers with significant novelty and impact in all areas of the engineering of water and wastewater processing . Papers on advanced and novel treatment processes and technologies are particularly welcome. The Journal considers papers in areas such as nanotechnology and biotechnology applications in water, novel oxidation and separation processes, membrane processes (except those for desalination) , catalytic processes for the removal of water contaminants, sustainable processes, water reuse and recycling, water use and wastewater minimization, integrated/hybrid technology, process modeling of water treatment and novel treatment processes. Submissions on the subject of adsorbents, including standard measurements of adsorption kinetics and equilibrium will only be considered if there is a genuine case for novelty and contribution, for example highly novel, sustainable adsorbents and their use: papers on activated carbon-type materials derived from natural matter, or surfactant-modified clays and related minerals, would not fulfil this criterion. The Journal particularly welcomes contributions involving environmentally, economically and socially sustainable technology for water treatment, including those which are energy-efficient, with minimal or no chemical consumption, and capable of water recycling and reuse that minimizes the direct disposal of wastewater to the aquatic environment. Papers that describe novel ideas for solving issues related to water quality and availability are also welcome, as are those that show the transfer of techniques from other disciplines. The Journal will consider papers dealing with processes for various water matrices including drinking water (except desalination), domestic, urban and industrial wastewaters, in addition to their residues. It is expected that the journal will be of particular relevance to chemical and process engineers working in the field. The Journal welcomes Full Text papers, Short Communications, State-of-the-Art Reviews and Letters to Editors and Case Studies
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