The Role of Viruses in Cellular Transformation and Cancer

IF 1.9 Q4 ONCOLOGY Cancer reports Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI:10.1002/cnr2.70150

Donath Damian

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Abstract

Background

Viral infections are established contributors to oncogenesis, leading to significant public health challenges. This systematic review aims to synthesize current knowledge on the mechanisms of viral cellular transformation and their association with various cancers.

Recent findings

Studies reveal key mechanisms of oncogenesis, including direct viral integration into the host genome, expression of viral oncogenes, and indirect pathways such as chronic inflammation and immune evasion. Notably, Human Papillomavirus (HPV) was linked predominantly to cervical and oropharyngeal cancers, while Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) was associated with lymphomas. Hepatitis B and C viruses were linked to liver cancer, highlighting the diverse impacts of viral infections on oncogenic processes.

Conclusions

This review underscores the complexity of viral interactions with host cells and their implications for cancer development. Findings suggest that targeted interventions, such as vaccination and antiviral therapies, may play a crucial role in reducing the incidence of virus-related cancers. Further research is needed to explore novel therapeutic strategies and the role of co-factors in viral oncogenesis.

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病毒在细胞转化和癌症中的作用

背景：病毒感染是公认的致癌因素，对公共卫生构成重大挑战。这篇系统综述旨在综合目前对病毒细胞转化机制及其与各种癌症的关系的了解。最近的研究揭示了肿瘤发生的关键机制，包括病毒直接整合到宿主基因组，病毒致癌基因的表达，以及间接途径，如慢性炎症和免疫逃避。值得注意的是，人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）主要与子宫颈癌和口咽癌有关，而爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒（EBV）与淋巴瘤有关。乙型和丙型肝炎病毒与肝癌有关，强调了病毒感染对致癌过程的不同影响。结论本综述强调了病毒与宿主细胞相互作用的复杂性及其对癌症发展的影响。研究结果表明，有针对性的干预措施，如疫苗接种和抗病毒治疗，可能在减少病毒相关癌症的发病率方面发挥关键作用。需要进一步的研究来探索新的治疗策略和辅助因子在病毒肿瘤发生中的作用。

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