Wearable sensors in paediatric neurology

Abstract

Wearable sensors are small, non-invasive devices that can easily be attached to the body to monitor signals such as movement, heart rate, breathing, and temperature. These sensors allow data to be collected in familiar environments, such as at home or during school, and capture real-world patterns and behaviours that may not be evident during traditional clinical assessments. This approach reduces the stress of being examined, minimizes bias, and overcomes poor cooperation, especially in younger patients.

Wearable sensors have been studied for various paediatric neurological conditions, including cerebral palsy, epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Rett syndrome, Down syndrome, Angelman syndrome, Prader–Willi syndrome, and neuromuscular disorders such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy. Other areas of application are ataxia, Gaucher disease, headaches, and sleep disorders.

The data collected by wearable sensors can be used to detect early signs of neurological disorders and monitor changes over time. For example, subtle changes in walking patterns that might go unnoticed through conventional clinical assessments can be detected using these devices. This information could enable earlier interventions, more accurate diagnoses, and personalized treatment plans tailored to each child's specific needs.