Anti-cancer potential of Syzygium cumini and Syzygium Jambolanum extracts against MCF-7 cell line: An in vitro evaluation

Abstract

Background

This research has been carried out to evaluate the anticancer activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of Syzygium cumini and Syzygium jambolanum against human MCF-7 cells .

Purpose

This study aims to identify the bioactive compounds present in the extracts, assess their in vitro antioxidant and anticancer potential, along with the possible mechanism of action for its anticancer property.

Methods

Hydroalcoholic extracts of S. cumini and S. jambolanum fruit pulp, Juice, Seed was subjected to GC–MS to identify its chemical compositions followed by invitro antioxidant cytotoxicity study by DPPH, MTT assay respectively. Further the promising extract was tested for Flow cytometric analysis. Apoptosis and qRT-PCR studies to investigate the mechanism of anticancer. Results were analyzed with GraphPad Prism 8 software and calculated as mean±SEM, p-value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results

GC–MS analysis of hydroalcoholic extracts of Syzygium cumini and Syzygium Jambolanum (Fruit Pulp, Seed, Juice) found 113 compounds & indicated significant amounts of n-hexadecanoic, tridecanoic, and dodecanoic acids. Among the extract S. cumini seed extract showed considerable antioxidant activity and the IC₅₀ value 45 μg/ml though both S.C & S.J H.C extracts of Fruit pulp, Juice had and marked Cytotoxicity activity against MCF-7 cells with IC₅₀ value 80.75 μg/ml. Further mechanistic studies revealed that both the S.C & S.J seed extracts showed cell cycle arrest in S phase and caused induction of apoptosis, via the increased, of p53 by western blotting studies.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that among hydroalcoholic extracts of S. cumini and S. jambolanum. S. cumini possess potential anticancer properties. Further studies can be warranted to explain the mechanisms of action and explore their therapeutic applications.