Introduction of a novel graphene oxide-based nickel nanoflowers for ultrasound-assisted dispersive solid phase extraction of natamycin from dairy products

Abstract

This study presented facile ultrasound assisted dispersive solid-phase extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector for preconcentration and determination of trace levels of natamycin in dairy products. Highly efficient and selective graphene oxide-based nickel nanoflowers were synthesized and characterized with FE-SEM-EDX, FT-IR, TGA, and XRD techniques. The leading factors including pH, ionic strength, sample volume, the amount of sorbent, and desorption conditions were studied using matrix matched method. Good linearity of 1–750 μg kg⁻¹ for milk, 1–500 μg kg⁻¹ for yogurt and cheese were acquired. While 0.30, 0.27, and 0.30 μg kg⁻¹ as LODs values and 1.00, 0.93, and 0.97 μg kg⁻¹ as LOQs values were obtained for milk, cheese, and yogurt, respectively. The intra-day precision (n = 7) and the inter-day precision (5 days, n = 3) were achieved ≤4.1% and ≤3.0%, respectively, confirming the method's repeatability and reproducibility. High recoveries of 94.0–98.4% and also the satisfactory obtained results indicated high capability of the proposed method for separation and preconcentration of natamycin be applied in dairy products as complex matrixes.