Challenges and limitations in using bacterial metabolites as immunomodulators.

IF 4.8 2区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology Pub Date : 2025-01-29 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.3389/fcimb.2025.1535394

Chinnashanmugam Saravanan, Nandana Karrath Gopinath, Raja Ganesan, Durairaj Thirumurugan

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Abstract

Harnessing the immunomodulatory potential of bacterial metabolites opens up exciting possibilities for treating various immune-related disorders. However, turning this potential into a reality presents significant challenges. This review investigates these challenges, focusing on discovery, production, characterization, stability, formulation, safety, and individual variability limitations. The limited bioavailability of many metabolites, as well as potential improvements along with the potential for off-target effects and the importance of precise targeting, are emphasized. Furthermore, the complex interactions between gut bacterial metabolites and the microbiome are investigated, highlighting the importance of personalized approaches. We conclude by discussing promising advances in metagenomics, metabolomics, synthetic biology, and targeted delivery systems, which hold out hope for overcoming these limitations and paving the way for the clinical translation of bacterial metabolites as effective immunomodulators.

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利用细菌代谢物作为免疫调节剂的挑战和局限性。

利用细菌代谢物的免疫调节潜能为治疗各种免疫相关疾病开辟了令人兴奋的可能性。然而，将这种潜力转化为现实面临着重大挑战。这篇综述探讨了这些挑战，重点是发现、生产、表征、稳定性、配方、安全性和个体可变性限制。强调了许多代谢物的有限生物利用度，以及潜在的改进以及潜在的脱靶效应和精确靶向的重要性。此外，肠道细菌代谢物和微生物组之间复杂的相互作用进行了研究，强调个性化方法的重要性。最后，我们讨论了宏基因组学、代谢组学、合成生物学和靶向递送系统的有希望的进展，这些进展有望克服这些限制，并为细菌代谢物作为有效免疫调节剂的临床翻译铺平道路。

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来源期刊

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology IMMUNOLOGY-MICROBIOLOGY

CiteScore

7.90

自引率

7.00%

发文量

1817

审稿时长

14 weeks

期刊介绍： Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology is a leading specialty journal, publishing rigorously peer-reviewed research across all pathogenic microorganisms and their interaction with their hosts. Chief Editor Yousef Abu Kwaik, University of Louisville is supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international experts. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics, clinicians and the public worldwide. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology includes research on bacteria, fungi, parasites, viruses, endosymbionts, prions and all microbial pathogens as well as the microbiota and its effect on health and disease in various hosts. The research approaches include molecular microbiology, cellular microbiology, gene regulation, proteomics, signal transduction, pathogenic evolution, genomics, structural biology, and virulence factors as well as model hosts. Areas of research to counteract infectious agents by the host include the host innate and adaptive immune responses as well as metabolic restrictions to various pathogenic microorganisms, vaccine design and development against various pathogenic microorganisms, and the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and its countermeasures.