STT3B promotes porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication by regulating N-glycosylation of PEDV S protein.

Abstract

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a highly pathogenic enteric coronavirus, has caused significant economic losses worldwide in recent years. The PEDV spike (S) protein has been reported to undergo extensive N-glycosylation, suggesting that glycosylation plays a crucial role in PEDV replication. In this study, we demonstrated that the N-glycosylation pathway promotes PEDV replication by facilitating the glycosylation of the S protein. First, we observed that pharmacological inhibition of host N-glycosylation using specific inhibitors significantly reduces viral replication. Furthermore, genetic ablation of STT3A or STT3B, the catalytically active subunits of the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex, revealed that the STT3B-OST complex, but not STT3A, is preferentially required for PEDV replication. Notably, we showed that the N-glycosylation of the PEDV S protein depends on the oligosaccharyltransferase activity of STT3B. Together, the study demonstrated the critical role of the N-glycosylation pathway in PEDV replication by elucidating the relationship between the N-glycosylation of the PEDV S protein and STT3B, thereby presenting a potential new target for the prevention and control of PEDV.IMPORTANCEThe highly N-glycosylated spike protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a multifunctional protein that plays a crucial role in the viral replication cycle. In this study, using pharmacological inhibitors, we demonstrated the importance of the N-glycosylation pathway in PEDV replication. Genetic analysis revealed that STT3B, one of the catalytically active subunits of the oligosaccharyltransferase complex, promotes viral proliferation by regulating the N-glycosylation of the PEDV spike protein. Our findings enhance the understanding of the role of the N-glycosylation pathway in viral infection and identify STT3B as a potential therapeutic target for controlling PEDV infection.