Benzoquinone-modified vertically aligned mesoporous silica for ratiometric electrochemical detection of diclofenac

IF 5.6 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL Talanta Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI:10.1016/j.talanta.2025.127711

Wafa Aidli, Silvia Comis, Luigi Falciola, Valentina Pifferi

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Abstract

A ratiometric electrochemical sensor featuring a benzoquinone-modified vertically aligned mesoporous silica film (BQ/VMSF) has been developed for the accurate detection of diclofenac (DCF), a widely utilized non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. The design process employed the Electrochemical assisted self-assembly (EASA) technique to grow a thiol-functionalized mesoporous silica film on a carbon screen-printed electrode, which was further modified with benzoquinone via click chemistry. Characterization using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) confirmed the successful synthesis and optimal functionality of the mesoporous structure. In this configuration, benzoquinone serves as an internal redox reference, generating one redox signal, while the electrochemical oxidation of diclofenac produces a second redox signal. The sensor's output is derived from the ratio of these two signals, I_DCF/I_BQ, enhancing its sensitivity and selectivity for diclofenac detection. The sensor, tested through Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV), exhibited a linear response range from 1 to 10 μM for diclofenac and a remarkably low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.73 μM. Application of the sensor for diclofenac analysis in pharmaceutical formulations demonstrated recovery rates ranging from 97.68 % to 101.79 % and relative errors below 2.32 %, affirming its practical utility.

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来源期刊

Talanta 化学-分析化学

CiteScore

12.30

自引率

4.90%

发文量

861

审稿时长

29 days

期刊介绍： Talanta provides a forum for the publication of original research papers, short communications, and critical reviews in all branches of pure and applied analytical chemistry. Papers are evaluated based on established guidelines, including the fundamental nature of the study, scientific novelty, substantial improvement or advantage over existing technology or methods, and demonstrated analytical applicability. Original research papers on fundamental studies, and on novel sensor and instrumentation developments, are encouraged. Novel or improved applications in areas such as clinical and biological chemistry, environmental analysis, geochemistry, materials science and engineering, and analytical platforms for omics development are welcome. Analytical performance of methods should be determined, including interference and matrix effects, and methods should be validated by comparison with a standard method, or analysis of a certified reference material. Simple spiking recoveries may not be sufficient. The developed method should especially comprise information on selectivity, sensitivity, detection limits, accuracy, and reliability. However, applying official validation or robustness studies to a routine method or technique does not necessarily constitute novelty. Proper statistical treatment of the data should be provided. Relevant literature should be cited, including related publications by the authors, and authors should discuss how their proposed methodology compares with previously reported methods.